ATS 114 Introduction to Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory (1) I, II, S (Same as EVS 114, NSC 114) Laboratory designed to familiarize students with analysis techniques in meteorology. Topics include weather observations; weather symbols and coding; map plotting and analysis; and basic forecasting techniques. Students will become familiar with the computer system. CO: ATS 113.

ATS 231 Severe and Unusual Weather (3) I, II (Same as NSC 231) Discussion of the development and occurrence of severe and unusual atmospheric phenomena. Topics include severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, blizzards, droughts, and heat waves.

ATS 315 Computer Applications in Meteorology (3) II AY Computer methods used in both the operational and research environments in Atmospheric Sciences. Emphasis on the interaction between numerical and graphical techniques. Topics include floating point operations, computer display of meteorological information, software packages, and an introduction to parallel processing. P: ATS 113 or IC.

ATS 438 Natural History of the Caribbean (3) (Same as EVS 438) OD (Semester Dominicana Offering) Study of the natural history of the Caribbean basin in a field setting. Emphasis on the geologi-cal history of the islands and the evolution of their endemic biotas. Field trips stressing identification of the local flora and avifauna. Investigation of land use and the resultant effect on the ecology of the region. This course was offered to students in the Semester Abroad Program in the 1994 Spring Semester. P: Dean's Office Approval; Jr. or Sr. stdg.

ATS 443 Environmental Geology (4) I 2003-2004, AY (Same as EVS 443) An introduction to physical geology designed for environmental science majors. Topics include an examination of rock types, evolution and geological times, soil development and processes, earthquakes and global tectonics. In-class laboratories will be devoted to identification of rock types, soil analysis, and determination of fossil types. P: Soph. stdg. or IC.

ATS 480 Military Weather Service Internship (1-6) I, II, S Placement in a military weather service office on a part-time basis for one semester (or a comparable period during the year). Students are required to work at least 60 hours at the military weather service office. Students must apply for the internship program at least two months prior to their proposed starting date. Duties vary according to the office but may include work with forecasting, radar analysis, DHA operations, and providing information to military users. May be repeated to a limit of six semester hours, but only three hours are applicable to the major. P: DC.

ATS 481 National Weather Service Internship (1-6) I, II, S Placement in a National Weather Service Office. Students are required to work at least 20 hours per semester hour of credit at the National Weather Service Office. Participation is limited to a maximum of 2 students per semester. Departmental and Government application forms (available from the ATS Departmental Office) are required; both sets of forms will be filed with the Department Chair at least two months prior to the proposed starting date of the Internship. Duties vary according to the office but may include work with forecasting, radar analysis, AFOS operations, NOAA radio and providing information to the public. At the end of his/her study, the student will prepare a written report which highlights the activities and training received during the Internship. Government regulations stipulate that the internship be completed within 60 days of initiation of activities at the Weather Station. May be repeated to a limit of six semester hours, but only three hours are applicable to the major. P: ATS 113, 562, Chair approval of application package. 172 CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN

ATS 482 Atmospheric Sciences Intern with Industry (1-6) I, II, S Placement with a local industry on a part time basis for one semester ( or a comparable period during the year). Students are to work at least 60 hours at the worksite identified by the particular company. This may be in conjunction with local city, state, or federal government contracts at the contract work site associated with the atmospheric sciences data collection, processing, and display tasks of the date. Tasks to which the students may be assigned include such diverse activities as document development/review, testing new software on forecasting work stations, data analysis and assimilation studies, or participation at contract formal re-view meetings with the contracting client. May be repeated to a limit of six semester hours, but only three hours are applicable to the major. P: DC

ATS 493 Directed Independent Readings (1-3) I, II, S Credit by arrangement. P: DC. May be repeated to a limit of six hours.

ATS 495 Directed Independent Study (1-3) I, II, S Credit by arrangement. P: DC. May be repeated to a limit of six hours.

ATS 497 Directed Independent Research (1-3) I, II, S A research project under the personal direction of a member of the ATS faculty. At the end of the work a written report describing the project and its outcome will be prepared; the paper will form the basis for a seminar to be presented to the department. In this manner the student will be formally introduced to scientific research methods, and provided the opportunity to refine oral and written communication skills. P: Senior standing or DC.

ATS 531 Operational Prediction Models (3) AY (Last offered 2003-2004) Examination of the use of forecast models from the National Meteorological Center (LFM, Spectral, NGM). Additional models from other sources will also be examined (UKMET, ECMWF, USAF, and USN). Study of model domain, resolution and formation with respect to physical processes. Model performance is described and scrutinized (with respect to systematic errors and to particular synoptic situations). Comparative diagnostics of forecast and observed fields employed to examine model behavior. P: ATS 562 or IC.

ATS 532 Objective Meteorological Analysis (3) AY (Last offered 2003-2004) Application of techniques and principles for temporal and spatial computer analysis of atmospheric data based on dynamical concepts, with a focus on the structure, movement, and development of weather systems. Topics include data time series, statistical inference techniques, Fourier analysis, and map projections and grid systems used in meteorology. P: ATS 571 and computer programming.

ATS 533 Physical Climatology and Climate Change (3) I (Same as EVS 533, NSC 533) Exploration of the influence of human beings on the atmosphere. Discussion of theories and models of natural climate change and of that induced by human beings. The ethical issues of inadvertent and planned change of climate by humans will be raised. Major topics include effects of CO 2 warming (greenhouse effect), ozone depletion; human-induced desertification; cloud seeding; acid rain; urban microclimates; and nuclear winter. Methods of monitoring these systems will be stressed relative to an increased world-wide need to limit or prevent human-induced climate changes.

ATS 541 Atmospheric Diffusion, Air Pollution, and Environmental Impact Analysis (3) II (Same as EVS 541, NSC 541) Survey of the theoretical and practical aspects of diffusion, dispersion, and turbulent transport of pollutants in an atmospheric boundary layer. Includes observational and instrumentation techniques; plume models; regional pollution transport; and diffusion from point, line and area sources. Chemical and physical transformations of the pollutants, precipitation scavenging, and dry deposition are studied. Reviews Federal environmental laws, air quality standards, environmental impact assessments, ethics, and guidelines for writing environmental impact statements. P: ATS 113 or equiv.

ATS 542 Radar Remote Sensing (3) I The theoretical and practical aspects of weather radar. Stress placed on the capabilities and limitations for severe storm investigation. P: MTH 245, PHY 212 and ATS 113; or IC. 

ATS 544 Hydrology (3) OD (Same as EVS 544, NSC 544)F Study of the waters of the earth, especially with relation to the effects of precipitation and evaporation upon the occurrence and character of water in streams, lakes, and on or below the land surface. In terms of hydrologic cycle, the scope of this course may be defined as that portion of the cycle from precipitation to re-evaporation or return of the water to the seas. P: ATS 113 or 231.

ATS 545 Mesoscale Analysis (3) II Examination of the theory of convection as related to models of squall lines and thunder-storms and the application of this theory to the forecasting and analysis of sub-synoptic scale systems. P: ATS 562 & 571.

ATS 548 Space Weather (3) OD (Same as EVS 548) (Last offered Pre-session 1998) Course designed to acquaint the student with the basic phenomenology associated with solar processes and activity, and the impact of these processes upon the earth and its atmosphere. Designed to familiarize the student with the concepts of upper atmospheric energetic processes and their influence upon everyday activities. P: MTH 246 & PHY 212.

ATS 552 Boundary Layer Meteorology (3) OD (Same as EVS 552) (To be offered Fall 2005) Structure of the boundary layer, surface energy budget, vertical profiles of temperature, humidity and wind, turbulence, Monin-Obukhov theory. Determination of surface heat and moisture fluxes. Some discussion of applications to diffusion and dispersion of substances in the atmosphere. P: ATS 572 or equiv.

ATS 553 Tropical Meteorology (3) I (Same as EVS 553) Characteristics of the tropical atmosphere including convection, boundary layer processes, local and diurnal weather phenomena, mesoscale tropical systems, tropical storm structure, and energetics. This course relies heavily on satellite interpretation of tropical cloud systems. P: ATS 113.

ATS 555 Meteorological Remote Sensing (3) II (Same as EVS 555) First section of the course is devoted to meteorological interpretations of cloud fields as ob-served from weather satellites. Second section of the course devoted to examination of general and specific applications of remote sensing of the environment. Includes imagery from satellite, ground based, and airborne systems; data analysis and decision methodsl multispectral analysisl analysis and evaluation of water, terrain, mineral, forest, and soil resources. P: ATS (EVS, NSC) 113 or IC.

ATS 556 Introduction to Physical Oceanography (3) I (Same as EVS 556, NSC 556) Geomorphology of the ocean bottom; properties of sea water; salinity and temperature distributions; major ocean currents and circulations; equations of motion, horizontal wind-driven currents; thermohaline circulations; wind waves and swell.

ATS 561 Synoptic Meteorology I (3) I Examination of weather code, plotting and map analysis. Includes a review of cyclone and frontal theory using case studies to develop diagnostic and forecasting techniques. Practical applications of air mass and frontal analysis are related to weather forecasting. P: ATS 113 or IC.

ATS 562 Synoptic Meteorology II (4) II Detailed examination and use of fax charts, computer products, and other tools employed in analysis and forecasting. Review of methods in short-term, medium and long-range fore-casting. P: ATS 561 or IC.

ATS 564 Statistical Applications in the Atmospheric Sciences (3) OD Study of the statistical distributions of scalars and vectors, sampling theory, regression, correlation, and time series. Applications to statistical forecasting and forecast verification. P: MTH 245.

ATS 565 Atmospheric Circulation Systems (3) OD (Last offered Summer 2004) Examination of the general circulation of the atmosphere. Emphasis on seasonal variation in both hemispheres. Exploration of formation of anomalous circulation types with respect to anomalous boundary layer conditions. Detailed discussion of tropical-mid latitude interactions. P: ATS 562 or IC. 174 CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN

ATS 566 Climate Theory (3) OD (Same as EVS 566) (Last offered Spring 2005) Theories of global climate and variability. Examination of climate models, including internal and external parameters and feedback mechanisms P: ATS 113, 561.

ATS 571 Dynamic Meteorology I (3) I Equations of motion and thermodynamics will be vigorously derived and applied to the atmosphere. Topics include thermodynamics of dry and moist air, hydrostatic and hypsometric approximations, geostrophic and gradient wind balance, mass continuity, and vorticity. P: PHY 212 and MTH 246 and ATS 113; or IC.

ATS 572 Dynamic Meteorology II (3) II Concepts presented in ATS 571 will be further developed and applied to the following topics: barotropic and baroclinic instability, atmospheric oscillations, quasi-geostrophic theory, and simple numerical modeling. P: ATS 571.

ATS 573 Cloud Physics and Dynamics (3) OD (Last offered Spring 2003) Thermodynamic processes which control the development and growth of clouds. Relation-ship between atmospheric properties and cloud structure. Distribution of condensation nuclei, water droplet spectra. Initiation and growth of cloud hydrometers. Structure of severe storms, radiative effects of clouds. P: ATS 571.

ATS 574 Stratospheric Dynamics (3) OD Study of the principles governing atmospheric motions in the stratosphere. Includes a brief review of chemical processes, radiative effects, and the resulting thermal structures that govern the mean stratospheric circulation; forcing mechanisms and conditions for wave generation in the stratosphere; discussions of sudden warmings, quasi-biennial and semiannual oscillations, and tropical wave phenomena in the stratosphere. P: ATS 571.

ATS 575 Environmental Measurements Practicum (3) OD (Same as EVS 575) This course is designed to provide the students with instruction on the principles and practices associated with environmental measurements of the atmosphere, soil and hydrologic courses. Heavy emphasis will be placed on the theory of sampling ambient and pollutant sources, instruments and measurement techniques, ant the consequences of the pollutant. The course will include several exercises as well as field trips to local sites of interest to demonstrate the practical and operational aspects of environmental measurement and monitoring programs. P: EVS/ATS 113, MTH 245 and PHY 212 or IC. Graduate-level courses in Atmospheric Sciences are listed in the Graduate School issue of the Creighton University Bulletin.